How to read XML in Kotlin using DOM Parser

This post demonstrates how to read XML files using DOM Parser which parses and loads the entire XML into memory in a Tree structure which makes it very easy to traverse and manipulate elements.

We are using Kotlin 1.1.

Reading XML files

When reading an XML file using a DOM parser, we create a org.w3c.dom.Document object which represents the XML file whose contents are stored as a tree of elements (technically known as nodes).

XML File – Input File

This is our XML file that’ll be parsed and load into memory by a DOM parser. It’s a copy of books.xml from Microsoft MSDN.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<catalog>
    <book id="bk101">
        <author>Gambardella, Matthew</author>
        <title>XML Developer's Guide</title>
        <genre>Computer</genre>
        <price>44.95</price>
        <publish_date>2000-10-01</publish_date>
        <description>An in-depth look at creating applications
            with XML.</description>
    </book>
    <book id="bk102">
        <author>Ralls, Kim</author>
        <title>Midnight Rain</title>
        <genre>Fantasy</genre>
        <price>5.95</price>
        <publish_date>2000-12-16</publish_date>
        <description>A former architect battles corporate zombies,
            an evil sorceress, and her own childhood to become queen
            of the world.</description>
    </book>
    <book id="bk103">
        <author>Corets, Eva</author>
        <title>Maeve Ascendant</title>
        <genre>Fantasy</genre>
        <price>5.95</price>
        <publish_date>2000-11-17</publish_date>
        <description>After the collapse of a nanotechnology
            society in England, the young survivors lay the
            foundation for a new society.</description>
    </book>
    <book id="bk104">
        <author>Corets, Eva</author>
        <title>Oberon's Legacy</title>
        <genre>Fantasy</genre>
        <price>5.95</price>
        <publish_date>2001-03-10</publish_date>
        <description>In post-apocalypse England, the mysterious
            agent known only as Oberon helps to create a new life
            for the inhabitants of London. Sequel to Maeve
            Ascendant.</description>
    </book>
    <book id="bk105">
        <author>Corets, Eva</author>
        <title>The Sundered Grail</title>
        <genre>Fantasy</genre>
        <price>5.95</price>
        <publish_date>2001-09-10</publish_date>
        <description>The two daughters of Maeve, half-sisters,
            battle one another for control of England. Sequel to
            Oberon's Legacy.</description>
    </book>
    <book id="bk106">
        <author>Randall, Cynthia</author>
        <title>Lover Birds</title>
        <genre>Romance</genre>
        <price>4.95</price>
        <publish_date>2000-09-02</publish_date>
        <description>When Carla meets Paul at an ornithology
            conference, tempers fly as feathers get ruffled.</description>
    </book>
    <book id="bk107">
        <author>Thurman, Paula</author>
        <title>Splish Splash</title>
        <genre>Romance</genre>
        <price>4.95</price>
        <publish_date>2000-11-02</publish_date>
        <description>A deep sea diver finds true love twenty
            thousand leagues beneath the sea.</description>
    </book>
    <book id="bk108">
        <author>Knorr, Stefan</author>
        <title>Creepy Crawlies</title>
        <genre>Horror</genre>
        <price>4.95</price>
        <publish_date>2000-12-06</publish_date>
        <description>An anthology of horror stories about roaches,
            centipedes, scorpions  and other insects.</description>
    </book>
    <book id="bk109">
        <author>Kress, Peter</author>
        <title>Paradox Lost</title>
        <genre>Science Fiction</genre>
        <price>6.95</price>
        <publish_date>2000-11-02</publish_date>
        <description>After an inadvertant trip through a Heisenberg
            Uncertainty Device, James Salway discovers the problems
            of being quantum.</description>
    </book>
    <book id="bk110">
        <author>O'Brien, Tim</author>
        <title>Microsoft .NET: The Programming Bible</title>
        <genre>Computer</genre>
        <price>36.95</price>
        <publish_date>2000-12-09</publish_date>
        <description>Microsoft's .NET initiative is explored in
            detail in this deep programmer's reference.</description>
    </book>
    <book id="bk111">
        <author>O'Brien, Tim</author>
        <title>MSXML3: A Comprehensive Guide</title>
        <genre>Computer</genre>
        <price>36.95</price>
        <publish_date>2000-12-01</publish_date>
        <description>The Microsoft MSXML3 parser is covered in
            detail, with attention to XML DOM interfaces, XSLT processing,
            SAX and more.</description>
    </book>
    <book id="bk112">
        <author>Galos, Mike</author>
        <title>Visual Studio 7: A Comprehensive Guide</title>
        <genre>Computer</genre>
        <price>49.95</price>
        <publish_date>2001-04-16</publish_date>
        <description>Microsoft Visual Studio 7 is explored in depth,
            looking at how Visual Basic, Visual C++, C#, and ASP+ are
            integrated into a comprehensive development
            environment.</description>
    </book>
</catalog>

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<author>Gambardella, Matthew</author>

<title>XML Developer's Guide</title>

<genre>Computer</genre>

<publish_date>2000-10-01</publish_date>

<description>An in-depth look at creating applications

with XML.</description>

</book>

<author>Ralls, Kim</author>

<title>Midnight Rain</title>

<genre>Fantasy</genre>

<publish_date>2000-12-16</publish_date>

<description>A former architect battles corporate zombies,

an evil sorceress, and her own childhood to become queen

of the world.</description>

</book>

<author>Corets, Eva</author>

<title>Maeve Ascendant</title>

<genre>Fantasy</genre>

<publish_date>2000-11-17</publish_date>

<description>After the collapse of a nanotechnology

society in England, the young survivors lay the

foundation for a new society.</description>

</book>

<author>Corets, Eva</author>

<title>Oberon's Legacy</title>

<genre>Fantasy</genre>

<publish_date>2001-03-10</publish_date>

<description>In post-apocalypse England, the mysterious

agent known only as Oberon helps to create a new life

for the inhabitants of London. Sequel to Maeve

Ascendant.</description>

</book>

<author>Corets, Eva</author>

<title>The Sundered Grail</title>

<genre>Fantasy</genre>

<publish_date>2001-09-10</publish_date>

<description>The two daughters of Maeve, half-sisters,

battle one another for control of England. Sequel to

Oberon's Legacy.</description>

</book>

<author>Randall, Cynthia</author>

<title>Lover Birds</title>

<genre>Romance</genre>

<publish_date>2000-09-02</publish_date>

<description>When Carla meets Paul at an ornithology

conference, tempers fly as feathers get ruffled.</description>

</book>

<author>Thurman, Paula</author>

<title>Splish Splash</title>

<genre>Romance</genre>

<publish_date>2000-11-02</publish_date>

<description>A deep sea diver finds true love twenty

thousand leagues beneath the sea.</description>

</book>

<author>Knorr, Stefan</author>

<title>Creepy Crawlies</title>

<genre>Horror</genre>

<publish_date>2000-12-06</publish_date>

<description>An anthology of horror stories about roaches,

centipedes, scorpions and other insects.</description>

</book>

<author>Kress, Peter</author>

<title>Paradox Lost</title>

<genre>Science Fiction</genre>

<publish_date>2000-11-02</publish_date>

<description>After an inadvertant trip through a Heisenberg

Uncertainty Device, James Salway discovers the problems

of being quantum.</description>

</book>

<author>O'Brien, Tim</author>

<title>Microsoft .NET: The Programming Bible</title>

<genre>Computer</genre>

<publish_date>2000-12-09</publish_date>

<description>Microsoft's .NET initiative is explored in

detail in this deep programmer's reference.</description>

</book>

<author>O'Brien, Tim</author>

<title>MSXML3: A Comprehensive Guide</title>

<genre>Computer</genre>

<publish_date>2000-12-01</publish_date>

<description>The Microsoft MSXML3 parser is covered in

detail, with attention to XML DOM interfaces, XSLT processing,

SAX and more.</description>

</book>

<author>Galos, Mike</author>

<title>Visual Studio 7: A Comprehensive Guide</title>

<genre>Computer</genre>

<publish_date>2001-04-16</publish_date>

<description>Microsoft Visual Studio 7 is explored in depth,

looking at how Visual Basic, Visual C++, C#, and ASP+ are

integrated into a comprehensive development

environment.</description>

</book>

</catalog>

Kotlin Codes – Iterative Traversal

There are no classes here. It is just a Kotlin script with a main function.

package com.turreta.kotlin.xml.dom

import org.w3c.dom.Document
import org.w3c.dom.Element
import org.w3c.dom.Node
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList
import java.io.File
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val xlmFile: File = File("C:\\Users\\abc\\kotlin-turreta\\kotlin01\\src\\books.xml")
    val xmlDoc: Document = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder().parse(xlmFile)

    xmlDoc.documentElement.normalize()

    println("Root Node:" + xmlDoc.documentElement.nodeName)

    val bookList: NodeList = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("book")

    for(i in 0..bookList.length - 1)
    {
        var bookNode: Node = bookList.item(i)

        if (bookNode.getNodeType() === Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {

            val elem = bookNode as Element


            val mMap = mutableMapOf<String, String>()


            for(j in 0..elem.attributes.length - 1)
            {
                mMap.putIfAbsent(elem.attributes.item(j).nodeName, elem.attributes.item(j).nodeValue)
            }
            println("Current Book : ${bookNode.nodeName} - $mMap")

            println("Author: ${elem.getElementsByTagName("author").item(0).textContent}")
            println("Title: ${elem.getElementsByTagName("title").item(0).textContent}")
            println("Genre: ${elem.getElementsByTagName("genre").item(0).textContent}")
            println("Price: ${elem.getElementsByTagName("price").item(0).textContent}")
            println("publish_date: ${elem.getElementsByTagName("publish_date").item(0).textContent}")
            println("description: ${elem.getElementsByTagName("description").item(0).textContent}")
        }
    }
}

package com.turreta.kotlin.xml.dom

import org.w3c.dom.Document

import org.w3c.dom.Element

import org.w3c.dom.Node

import org.w3c.dom.NodeList

import java.io.File

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory

fun main(args: Array<String>) {

val xlmFile: File = File("C:\\Users\\abc\\kotlin-turreta\\kotlin01\\src\\books.xml")

val xmlDoc: Document = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder().parse(xlmFile)

xmlDoc.documentElement.normalize()

println("Root Node:" + xmlDoc.documentElement.nodeName)

val bookList: NodeList = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("book")

for(i in 0..bookList.length - 1)

{

var bookNode: Node = bookList.item(i)

if (bookNode.getNodeType() === Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {

val elem = bookNode as Element

val mMap = mutableMapOf<String, String>()

for(j in 0..elem.attributes.length - 1)

{

mMap.putIfAbsent(elem.attributes.item(j).nodeName, elem.attributes.item(j).nodeValue)

}

println("Current Book : ${bookNode.nodeName} - $mMap")

println("Author: ${elem.getElementsByTagName("author").item(0).textContent}")

println("Title: ${elem.getElementsByTagName("title").item(0).textContent}")

println("Genre: ${elem.getElementsByTagName("genre").item(0).textContent}")

println("Price: ${elem.getElementsByTagName("price").item(0).textContent}")

println("publish_date: ${elem.getElementsByTagName("publish_date").item(0).textContent}")

println("description: ${elem.getElementsByTagName("description").item(0).textContent}")

}

Output:

Root Node:catalog
Current Book : book - {id=bk101}
Author: Gambardella, Matthew
Title: XML Developer's Guide
Genre: Computer
Price: 44.95
publish_date: 2000-10-01
description: An in-depth look at creating applications
            with XML.
Current Book : book - {id=bk102}
Author: Ralls, Kim
Title: Midnight Rain
Genre: Fantasy
Price: 5.95
publish_date: 2000-12-16
description: A former architect battles corporate zombies,
            an evil sorceress, and her own childhood to become queen
            of the world.
Current Book : book - {id=bk103}
Author: Corets, Eva
Title: Maeve Ascendant
Genre: Fantasy
Price: 5.95
publish_date: 2000-11-17
description: After the collapse of a nanotechnology
            society in England, the young survivors lay the
            foundation for a new society.
Current Book : book - {id=bk104}
Author: Corets, Eva
Title: Oberon's Legacy
Genre: Fantasy
Price: 5.95
publish_date: 2001-03-10
description: In post-apocalypse England, the mysterious
            agent known only as Oberon helps to create a new life
            for the inhabitants of London. Sequel to Maeve
            Ascendant.
Current Book : book - {id=bk105}
Author: Corets, Eva
Title: The Sundered Grail
Genre: Fantasy
Price: 5.95
publish_date: 2001-09-10
description: The two daughters of Maeve, half-sisters,
            battle one another for control of England. Sequel to
            Oberon's Legacy.
Current Book : book - {id=bk106}
Author: Randall, Cynthia
Title: Lover Birds
Genre: Romance
Price: 4.95
publish_date: 2000-09-02
description: When Carla meets Paul at an ornithology
            conference, tempers fly as feathers get ruffled.
Current Book : book - {id=bk107}
Author: Thurman, Paula
Title: Splish Splash
Genre: Romance
Price: 4.95
publish_date: 2000-11-02
description: A deep sea diver finds true love twenty
            thousand leagues beneath the sea.
Current Book : book - {id=bk108}
Author: Knorr, Stefan
Title: Creepy Crawlies
Genre: Horror
Price: 4.95
publish_date: 2000-12-06
description: An anthology of horror stories about roaches,
            centipedes, scorpions  and other insects.
Current Book : book - {id=bk109}
Author: Kress, Peter
Title: Paradox Lost
Genre: Science Fiction
Price: 6.95
publish_date: 2000-11-02
description: After an inadvertant trip through a Heisenberg
            Uncertainty Device, James Salway discovers the problems
            of being quantum.
Current Book : book - {id=bk110}
Author: O'Brien, Tim
Title: Microsoft .NET: The Programming Bible
Genre: Computer
Price: 36.95
publish_date: 2000-12-09
description: Microsoft's .NET initiative is explored in
            detail in this deep programmer's reference.
Current Book : book - {id=bk111}
Author: O'Brien, Tim
Title: MSXML3: A Comprehensive Guide
Genre: Computer
Price: 36.95
publish_date: 2000-12-01
description: The Microsoft MSXML3 parser is covered in
            detail, with attention to XML DOM interfaces, XSLT processing,
            SAX and more.
Current Book : book - {id=bk112}
Author: Galos, Mike
Title: Visual Studio 7: A Comprehensive Guide
Genre: Computer
Price: 49.95
publish_date: 2001-04-16
description: Microsoft Visual Studio 7 is explored in depth,
            looking at how Visual Basic, Visual C++, C#, and ASP+ are
            integrated into a comprehensive development
            environment.

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

Root Node:catalog

Current Book : book - {id=bk101}

Author: Gambardella, Matthew

Title: XML Developer's Guide

Genre: Computer

Price: 44.95

publish_date: 2000-10-01

description: An in-depth look at creating applications

with XML.

Current Book : book - {id=bk102}

Author: Ralls, Kim

Title: Midnight Rain

Genre: Fantasy

Price: 5.95

publish_date: 2000-12-16

description: A former architect battles corporate zombies,

an evil sorceress, and her own childhood to become queen

of the world.

Current Book : book - {id=bk103}

Author: Corets, Eva

Title: Maeve Ascendant

Genre: Fantasy

Price: 5.95

publish_date: 2000-11-17

description: After the collapse of a nanotechnology

society in England, the young survivors lay the

foundation for a new society.

Current Book : book - {id=bk104}

Author: Corets, Eva

Title: Oberon's Legacy

Genre: Fantasy

Price: 5.95

publish_date: 2001-03-10

description: In post-apocalypse England, the mysterious

agent known only as Oberon helps to create a new life

for the inhabitants of London. Sequel to Maeve

Ascendant.

Current Book : book - {id=bk105}

Author: Corets, Eva

Title: The Sundered Grail

Genre: Fantasy

Price: 5.95

publish_date: 2001-09-10

description: The two daughters of Maeve, half-sisters,

battle one another for control of England. Sequel to

Oberon's Legacy.

Current Book : book - {id=bk106}

Author: Randall, Cynthia

Title: Lover Birds

Genre: Romance

Price: 4.95

publish_date: 2000-09-02

description: When Carla meets Paul at an ornithology

conference, tempers fly as feathers get ruffled.

Current Book : book - {id=bk107}

Author: Thurman, Paula

Title: Splish Splash

Genre: Romance

Price: 4.95

publish_date: 2000-11-02

description: A deep sea diver finds true love twenty

thousand leagues beneath the sea.

Current Book : book - {id=bk108}

Author: Knorr, Stefan

Title: Creepy Crawlies

Genre: Horror

Price: 4.95

publish_date: 2000-12-06

description: An anthology of horror stories about roaches,

centipedes, scorpions and other insects.

Current Book : book - {id=bk109}

Author: Kress, Peter

Title: Paradox Lost

Genre: Science Fiction

Price: 6.95

publish_date: 2000-11-02

description: After an inadvertant trip through a Heisenberg

Uncertainty Device, James Salway discovers the problems

of being quantum.

Current Book : book - {id=bk110}

Author: O'Brien, Tim

Title: Microsoft .NET: The Programming Bible

Genre: Computer

Price: 36.95

publish_date: 2000-12-09

description: Microsoft's .NET initiative is explored in

detail in this deep programmer's reference.

Current Book : book - {id=bk111}

Author: O'Brien, Tim

Title: MSXML3: A Comprehensive Guide

Genre: Computer

Price: 36.95

publish_date: 2000-12-01

description: The Microsoft MSXML3 parser is covered in

detail, with attention to XML DOM interfaces, XSLT processing,

SAX and more.

Current Book : book - {id=bk112}

Author: Galos, Mike

Title: Visual Studio 7: A Comprehensive Guide

Genre: Computer

Price: 49.95

publish_date: 2001-04-16

description: Microsoft Visual Studio 7 is explored in depth,

looking at how Visual Basic, Visual C++, C#, and ASP+ are

integrated into a comprehensive development

environment.

Kotlin Codes – Recursive Traversal

Notice that we created a DomRecursiveTraverse class that has a method that traverses a DOM object from a Node object starting point.

package com.turreta.kotlin.xml.dom

import org.w3c.dom.Document
import org.w3c.dom.Node
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList
import java.io.File
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory

object DomRecursiveTraverse {

    fun recursiveTraverse(node: Node) {

        println(node.nodeName)


        if (node.attributes != null) {
            // Write out the element's attributes
            for (i in 0..node.attributes.length - 1) {
                println("Attribute::" + node.attributes.item(i).nodeName + " | " + node.attributes.item(i).nodeValue)
            }
        }

        val nodeList: NodeList = node.childNodes
        for (i in 0..nodeList.length - 1) {
            val currentNode: Node = nodeList.item(i)
            if (currentNode.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
                //calls this method for all the children which is Element
                recursiveTraverse(currentNode)
            }

            if (currentNode.nodeType == Node.TEXT_NODE) {
                println("Text value::" + currentNode.textContent)
            }
        }
        println("END::" + node.nodeName)
    }
}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val xlmFile: File = File("C:\\Users\\abc\\kotlin-turreta\\kotlin01\\src\\books.xml")
    val xmlDoc: Document = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder().parse(xlmFile)

    xmlDoc.documentElement.normalize()

    println("Root Node:" + xmlDoc.documentElement.nodeName)

    val bookList: NodeList = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("book")

    for(i in 0..bookList.length - 1) {
        var bookNode: Node = bookList.item(i)
        DomRecursiveTraverse.recursiveTraverse(bookNode)
    }
}

package com.turreta.kotlin.xml.dom

import org.w3c.dom.Document

import org.w3c.dom.Node

import org.w3c.dom.NodeList

import java.io.File

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory

object DomRecursiveTraverse {

fun recursiveTraverse(node: Node) {

println(node.nodeName)

if (node.attributes != null) {

// Write out the element's attributes

for (i in 0..node.attributes.length - 1) {

println("Attribute::" + node.attributes.item(i).nodeName + " | " + node.attributes.item(i).nodeValue)

}

val nodeList: NodeList = node.childNodes

for (i in 0..nodeList.length - 1) {

val currentNode: Node = nodeList.item(i)

if (currentNode.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {

//calls this method for all the children which is Element

recursiveTraverse(currentNode)

}

if (currentNode.nodeType == Node.TEXT_NODE) {

println("Text value::" + currentNode.textContent)

}

println("END::" + node.nodeName)

}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {

val xlmFile: File = File("C:\\Users\\abc\\kotlin-turreta\\kotlin01\\src\\books.xml")

val xmlDoc: Document = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder().parse(xlmFile)

xmlDoc.documentElement.normalize()

println("Root Node:" + xmlDoc.documentElement.nodeName)

val bookList: NodeList = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("book")

for(i in 0..bookList.length - 1) {

var bookNode: Node = bookList.item(i)

DomRecursiveTraverse.recursiveTraverse(bookNode)

}

Output:

Root Node:catalog
book
Attribute::id | bk101
Text value::
        
author
Text value::Gambardella, Matthew
END::author
Text value::
        
title
Text value::XML Developer's Guide
END::title
Text value::
        
genre
Text value::Computer
END::genre
Text value::
        
price
Text value::44.95
END::price
Text value::
        
publish_date
Text value::2000-10-01
END::publish_date
Text value::
        
description
Text value::An in-depth look at creating applications
            with XML.
END::description
Text value::
    
END::book
book
Attribute::id | bk102
Text value::
        
author
Text value::Ralls, Kim
END::author
Text value::
        
title
Text value::Midnight Rain
END::title
Text value::
        
genre
Text value::Fantasy
END::genre
Text value::
        
price
Text value::5.95
END::price
Text value::
        
publish_date
Text value::2000-12-16
END::publish_date
Text value::
        
description
Text value::A former architect battles corporate zombies,
            an evil sorceress, and her own childhood to become queen
            of the world.
END::description
Text value::
    
END::book
book
Attribute::id | bk103
Text value::
        
author
Text value::Corets, Eva
END::author
Text value::
        
title
Text value::Maeve Ascendant
END::title
Text value::
        
genre
Text value::Fantasy
END::genre
Text value::
        
price
Text value::5.95
END::price
Text value::
        
publish_date
Text value::2000-11-17
END::publish_date
Text value::
        
description
Text value::After the collapse of a nanotechnology
            society in England, the young survivors lay the
            foundation for a new society.
END::description
Text value::
    
END::book
book
Attribute::id | bk104
Text value::
        
author
Text value::Corets, Eva
END::author
Text value::
        
title
Text value::Oberon's Legacy
END::title
Text value::
        
genre
Text value::Fantasy
END::genre
Text value::
        
price
Text value::5.95
END::price
Text value::
        
publish_date
Text value::2001-03-10
END::publish_date
Text value::
        
description
Text value::In post-apocalypse England, the mysterious
            agent known only as Oberon helps to create a new life
            for the inhabitants of London. Sequel to Maeve
            Ascendant.
END::description
Text value::
    
END::book
book
Attribute::id | bk105
Text value::
        
author
Text value::Corets, Eva
END::author
Text value::
        
title
Text value::The Sundered Grail
END::title
Text value::
        
genre
Text value::Fantasy
END::genre
Text value::
        
price
Text value::5.95
END::price
Text value::
        
publish_date
Text value::2001-09-10
END::publish_date
Text value::
        
description
Text value::The two daughters of Maeve, half-sisters,
            battle one another for control of England. Sequel to
            Oberon's Legacy.
END::description
Text value::
    
END::book
book
Attribute::id | bk106
Text value::
        
author
Text value::Randall, Cynthia
END::author
Text value::
        
title
Text value::Lover Birds
END::title
Text value::
        
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References

https://www.w3.org/DOM/

Reading XML files

XML File – Input File

Kotlin Codes – Iterative Traversal

Output:

Kotlin Codes – Recursive Traversal

Output:

References

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